l this kind of, of this kind Ø 二者都表示“这种……”,但“this kind of+名词”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与kind保持一致;“名词+of this kind”作主语时,谓语动词的数常与该名词保持一致。如: This kind of actress is easy to find but directors of this kind are scarce. 这种女演员不难找,可是这种导演却不多见。
l though;although;as Ø 这三个词都可以表示“虽然”、“尽管”。though和although引导让步状语从句时,常可互换,只是although的语气更强一些。如:
Though/Although it was late,the farmers kept on harvesting the crops by the lights of the tractors.
Ø 此外,though可以用于省略句,although很少这样用?though引导的从句可以部分倒装,although引导的从句不用倒装语序。如:
Though poor, he is always neatly dressed.
Poor though I am, I can afford it.
Ø as表示“虽然”、“尽管”引导让步状语从句时,从句要用倒装语序,将表语、状语等置于句首。
Tired as he was, he went on working with his workmates.
Child as he is, he knows a lot about the computer.
注意:as引导让步状语从句时,若充当表语的名词位于句首,则该名词前面不用冠词。
l through; over; across; into
1) The PLA man jumped ___ the water to save the boy.
2) The highway goes under the river ___ the tunnel.
3) There is a bridge ___ the river.
4) The ship sailed ___ the Atlantic.
5) The students walked ___ the gate with Mr Liu.
析: ①into。意为“进入;到……里”,含动作方向为由外向里之意。 ⑤through。意为“通过;穿过”,侧重于指从物体的中间穿过。 ③over。此处意为“(位置)横跨;在……上面”,表示动作时为“越过……”之意。 ④across。意为“横过;穿过”,一般指从房间、原野、海洋等一端横越到另一端或两个动作方向成十字交叉状。
l trip;journey;travel;tour
Ø trip是非正式用语,指短时间内往返的商业旅行或观光旅行。如:
We went on a pleasant trip to the nearest seaside during our vacation.
在假期里我们到最近的海滨作了一次愉快的旅行。
Ø journey常指由某一地点到另一地点的旅行,也指旅行的路程,是比较正式的用语。如:
He made a long journey from Beijing to London. 他从北京到伦敦做了一次长途旅行。
Ø travel泛指旅行、游历,是最为普通的用语,但无路程的含义。如:
He came home after five years of travel. 五年的旅行后,他回到家中。
Ø tour常指访问多处的观光旅行,常指周游后回到原出发地之意。如:
Confucius began to make his tour among the states. 孔夫子开始周游列国。
l try on; try out
Ø try on指“试穿(衣服、鞋子)”及“试戴(帽子)”等,其中的on为副词,当宾语是代词时,该宾语要放在on之前;如果宾语是名词,该宾语放在on之前或之后均可。例如:
try on a coat=try a coat on 试穿衣服 The new hat is for you.Please try it on. 这新帽子是给你的,请试试看。
Ø try out指“试验或试用”某种机器、理论或方法,其中的out为副词,当宾语是代词时,try out要分开用。例如:
We tried out this new crop on a large area last year. 去年我们大面积试种这种新庄稼。 I'll try it out and see if it works. 我来试试看能否行得通。
U
l used to; be used to; get used to Ø used to意为“过去常常(做某事)”,后接动词原形。常用来表示今昔对比,含“(现在)已不那样做了”之意。如:
She used to work hard.她过去工作很努力。(暗指现在工作不努力了。)
Ø be used to 有两个含义:①“被用来做某事”,后接动词原形。②“习惯于;适应”,后接名词、代词或v-ing,表示一种状态。如:
Computers are used to do many things for people now. 现在计算机被用来做许多事情。
He is used to hard work. 他现在习惯于艰苦的工作。
She isn’t used to living in the countryside now. 她不习惯在乡下生活。
Ø get used to 意为“习惯于”,表示一个动作,含“由不适应向适应的转变”,其后接名词、代词或v-ing。如: You’ll soon get used to the weather here.你很快就会适应这儿的天气。
V
l vast; huge
两者都是形容词,意思是“巨大的、庞大的”。在强调面积和范围的宽广或博大时,用vast;指体积或容量等方面“巨大、超过一般标准”时,用huge。如:
This area is covered in vast forests.这个地区被一片广阔无垠的森林覆盖。
That’s a huge ship.那艘船好大。
l very; right; just 三者都含有“正好;就是”之意,Ø very是形容词,用来修饰名词,位于the, this,my等限定词后;Ø right和just作副词,用来修饰谓语(常为动词be)或作状语的介词短语等,须放在the, this,my等限定词之前。如:
At the very beginning of this term, they took an exam. 就在学期开始的时候,他们举行了一次考试。
He is just the actor I want.他正是我所想要的演员。
The police looked at the thief right in the eye.警察目不转睛地盯着小偷。
W
l wash/wash awayØ wash表示“洗(手、衣服等)”,既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词;Ø wash away表示“冲走”、“冲垮”、“洗掉”,作及物动词短语用。
[EXERCISES]
①The flood . ②He ,then went downstairs. ③You must . (Keys: ①washed away ②washed ③wash) before dinnerhis face and handssome of the houses in the village
l wear;have on;put on;dress;(be)in+颜色(服装、眼镜等)
Ø wear主要用于穿衣服、戴眼镜(手套、首饰、帽)等,以强调“穿(戴)着”的状态。例如:
Mr Wu always wears a blue coat in winter.吴老师冬天总是穿着一件蓝色大衣。
Ø have on作“穿(戴)着”解,同wear一样,也表状态,但不用于进行时态。例如:
Xiao Wang has on a white shirt today.(=Xiao Wang is wearing a white shirt today.)
小王今天穿着一件白衬衫。
Ø put on着重强调“穿(戴)上”的动作。例如:
I like to put on my hat when I go out in winter.冬天,我喜欢外出时戴上帽子。
Ø dress既可作及物动词,又可作不及物动词,所接宾语是人而不是衣、帽等物。例如:
1)Her mother is dressing her.她母亲正在给她穿衣服。
2)The nurses are dressed in white.护士穿着白衣服。
Ø “(be)in+颜色或服装、眼镜等”也表示“穿着”的状态,在句中作表语或定语。例如:
He is in uniform today.他今天穿着制服。